The Power Electronics and drives, the area of Electrical Engineering that has the purpose of converting the energy of the mechanical, solar, wind, chemical and other forms for electric energy and its processing in the latter form, taking into consideration the quality, the technological upgrade and reliable operation of the system. With the continued development of the application of Power electronics and drives technology, the requirements for performance indicators and the reliability of electronic power devices are becoming more demanding. Specifically, power electronics are required to have a higher current density, higher operating temperature, failure overheat, higher operating voltage, the higher voltage drop in the state, faster transfer time, and space and military applications too, require stronger radiation resistance and vibration and resistance shock.
Especially in aerospace, aviation, ship, power transmission and transformation, engines, armored vehicles and other applications with hard conditions, the above requirements are more urgent. The evolution of technologies allowed the reduction of portable equipment, allowing the manufacture of laptops increasingly light and thin, as well as mobile phones smaller and with more availability of resources. Despite this reduction in size in these types of devices, chargers for their batteries are still required which are both cumbersome and consequently define a research demand in the area of miniaturization of this type of power source. Currently, electricity accounts for about 40% of global demand, and that percentage is expected to rise as countries cut their carbon emissions and switch to renewable energy sources. As electrification increases and the trend toward renewable energy is increasing, the use of technologies such as power electronics is becoming increasingly important. As technology evolves and power electronics and drives find more applications, new power devices with higher temperature capacity and lower losses continue to be developed. "Power electronics" excels in addressing as many of these applications as possible. The work includes the study of power diodes and rectifiers, power transistors and DC-DC converters, inverters, thyristors and thyristor converters, renewable energy, among others. With proposed problems and applications in PSpice, the book is a reference for students and professionals in electrical engineering, electronic engineering, mechatronics, and control and automation engineering. The area of Power Electronics and Electric Drive is aimed at the training of engineers specializing in power electronics and electric drive, both in undergraduate and master's and doctorate degrees, as well as the production, assimilation, and diffusion of scientific and technological knowledge in these two areas.
0 Comments
11/26/2018 0 Comments facts about the power electronicsMost of the Digital Enterprises engaged in power supply in various areas of the economy, as well as organisations specialising in the repair of industrial and consumer electronics and technology, all the time need electronic components and parts for electrical circuits. Of course, the most convenient and profitable way to purchase goods and services is currently the Internet.
Power electronics is considered differently in the technical world. Acceptance ranges from the modern face of electro-Technics when the issue is about the motor drive for example but is also associated with the concepts, technologies, and methodologies of power supplies, i.e. the static conversion of voltage. Power electronics is no longer in the field of wireless sensors where the ultimate control of electrical consumption is mandatory. Power electronics covers a wide range of power where GW is also the focus of power in grids. Power electronics is a wide technical and scientific domain, in perpetual evolution and at the heart of societal challenge on energy transition and energy enabler in the digital society. Give preference to large enterprises, most often such firms cooperate only with reliable and proven suppliers. The exhibition "Power Electronics" is an effective business platform for increasing sales to existing customers and attracting new customers from manufacturing enterprises operating in the field of electronics, electrical engineering and instrument engineering for various industries, as well as organisations involved in the trade of components and power electronics systems, representatives of system integrator, design organisations, telecommunication companies, data centres. This introduction wishes to describe a structure, the periphery of issues and a reading guide. The rise in frequency of the static converters leads to an increase in switching losses in the switches. These losses can be reduced, but especially delocalized by the addition of switching assistance circuit (CALC) without modifying the operating principle of the converter. Another possibility consists in modifying the nature of the switches so that they realise a spontaneous commutation, also called soft switching because the losses are zero, but also that of the converters which must then create the switching conditions. These converters are called (quasi) resonant converters. So, power electronics is used in transport, in the extraction industry, in the field of communications, in many industries, and not a single powerful household appliance is available today without its power electronic blocks. The main building blocks of power electronics are precisely the semiconductor key components, capable of opening and closing the circuit at different speeds, up to megahertz. In the on state, the resistance of the key is one and a fraction of an ohm, and in the off state, the megamarket management does not require a lot of power, and losses on the key arising in the switching process, with a properly designed driver, do not exceed one percent. For this reason, the efficiency of power electronics turns out to be high compared with the failing iron transformers and mechanical switches like ordinary relays. Risk assessment is a safety confirmation method that ensures the safety of workers and other personnel and minimizes the likelihood of harm. Identify the intended use and conditions of use of the machine and evaluate the incorrect use, Identify the dangers of the machine, Assess the degree of risk and the frequency of risk status, determine if the risk level has been reduced to an acceptable level. Risk Assessment is the most important step in the risk management cycle because it requires careful thinking and judgment; the greatest performance of the enterprise security management profession is at this step.
The risk assessment services are based on the assessment of the various threats faced by the subject matter. Occupational risk assessment is actions aimed at minimizing or eliminating hazards occurring in a given work environment that may have a negative impact on the health and life of the company's employees. It involves a regular examination of various aspects of the work, thanks to which it is possible to prevent many of the effects of hazards in the workplace. when the risk assessment is ready, it is the employer's duty to inform employees about the occupational risk related to the work performed in a given position and the methods of protection against threats. After getting acquainted with the occupational risk assessment by the employee, the employee should sign a statement on familiarizing with occupational risk and principles of protection against threats in order to avoid disputes by the employer. The employer must be prepared for the possibility of presenting full documentation of the occupational risk assessment. The risk assessment should be carried out in the simplest possible way. In many small enterprises there are not many threats and usually, they can be easily identified. It is advisable that the identification of threats and assessing the risks associated with them is based on the principles of common sense. The most favorable is the conversation with each employee. However, this is most often not possible due to the number of employees, so informing about occupational risk at health and safety training seems to be a beneficial form here. The employee should be informed of each hazard and assessed separately. Combining threats, general occupational risk assessment for all hazards or their groups, due to different effects and protection measures, may lead to a failure to provide the employee with relevant information. It is unacceptable to inform the employee about occupational risks without specifying the risks and providing their characteristics. The risk assessment, in this case, will not fulfill its task. 10/12/2018 0 Comments how get the safe drinking water?we have already stopped to think of the water from washing the kitchen utensils, crockery, cutlery, glasses (which has direct contact with food and our mouth), water to wash hands and face, brushing teeth, shower? Also, the water used to wash clothes? Good water to use ensures health in all processes. Of course, every one of us drinking water on the regular basis( 2-3 liters) on average only thing is are we drinking the safe water? The water which we are taking is safe ? is that free from the harmful bacteria? there are many complications involved while having water for survival.
We need to consider all these major things while taking water, due to the presence of bacteria in the water these modern water filter pitchers are introduced which can give us the absolute bacteria-free water. the ideally, you should have a residential inlet water filter at home, which filters the water before entering. Instead of using the conventional water jugs it is better to use these modern water filter pitchers. So, when going through the water box, all the faucets, shower, machinery and equipment of the house, the water is already filtered. In addition to bringing more health, clean water everywhere protects household appliances, reduces the need for exchanges, maintenance and cleaning (from the water box mainly), prevents clogging of holes and incrustations that damage equipment early. This advantage represents a huge saving throughout the house. Water is related to the various chemical reactions and the transport of substances in the human body. Unfortunately, water always ends up being the transmission of disease, so we pay more attention to the importance of the water quality for our health is very important. The obligation of the municipality is to provide treated water to the residences, drinking and good to drink. Although often leave the treatment plant in good condition, the water goes through paths and gets contaminated until you reach our taps. In addition to ingestion, contact with poor water can cause skin, hair and mucous membrane allergies For this reason, it is recommended that in addition to having water treated by the municipal system, it is recommended to use a water filter to protect the family from sediments such as sand, clay, rust, etc. and have access to light, clean and good water for health. Acquiring a filter is a wise decision that reflects the long-term health of all the people in the house. The best water filter is what meets the needs of the family with excellent value for money, leaving clean water everywhere in the house. To ensure the wellbeing of everyone, when buying a water filter, it is important to check the manufacturer's reliability and if it is certified by in metro. Water is not just for drinking: 9/27/2018 0 Comments Threat management systemThreat management is now intelligence against threats. Yes, the management part is maintained as part of the global cybersecurity strategy - attacks continue to evolve and are more complex today than ever - but the approach with which IT security teams face the different threats they face A company has become more integral. The passive acceptance requires no action, leaving in the hands of the team of project management threats or opportunities as they occur. The most common active acceptance strategy is to establish a reserve for contingencies, which includes the amount of time, money or resources needed to handle known threats or opportunities, or even possible and unknown ones. In this active acceptance, contingency plans also fit, that is, what actions will be carried out if the risk event appears. Therefore, for effective risk management, the situations that may affect the organization must necessarily be known, i.e. what should be protected, what is your information and critical resources, and if the measures you have implemented to preserve them will avoid or they will minimize any negative impact and also if you wanted to be In the safe zone wanted to stay away from the traditional threads get the best thread management services . When developing their activity in a changing scenario, the professional will be obliged to permanently assess the situation in which they find themselves and to ensure that the established protection measures are still effective. However, successive policy changes confess their partial inefficiency on their own. Traditional thread management strategy can able to help the people who are very much concern about threads all we need to have the decent thread management services and Whatever the orientations adopted for risk management have been, they seem to have always been in contradiction with urban development. This prevented the actions of risk management: failure to comply with municipal regulations, lack of anticipation of the undesirable effects of resistance works.
Drinking water on the regular basis will provide a couple of benefits to the human bodies and also gives many health advantages. Due to its medical benefits, doctors often recommend drinking a cup of water in the morning, usually mixed with lemon-rich polyphenols or with tea that reduces the activity of free radicals in the body.
Drinking safe water can also help the human bodies to Keep the skin fresh, as hard weather and indoor heaters/air conditioners can leave your skin dry, eating the right amount of water will surely keep your skin moist, soft and fresh.two glasses of water before meals help people eat less and lose weight and also According to some research, drinking water can cause the body to produce more heat, stimulate metabolism and burn more calories. Adjusts body temperature - water helps maintain the correct body temperature, whether in cold or hot conditions. Cleaner: water is required to remove everyday waste from our body. It helps to detoxify and keep the body clean through urination and sweat. Promotes digestion: water helps digestion and keeps constipation away. Due to medical benefits and health benefits many water filtering companies like hydros water bottle are coming into a pitcher with their filtering water bottles, with these advanced water filtration systems which they arranged insider this portable filtering water bottles usage become made easy and comfortable.While drinking hot water may not have the perfect flavor, it shows, according to its supporters, the following benefits for the body: Drinking cold water during or after a meal can actually cure the oils contained in the food and thereby create a layer of fat in the intestine. Dehydration can have a remarkable result if you lose only 2% of your body's water content. However, it is not uncommon for athletes to lose up to 6-10% of their weight through sweat .This can lead to altered body temperature control, reduced motivation, increased fatigue, and making exercise feel much more difficult, both physically and mentally. Are you scared about dehydration ? wanted to hydrate it is better to use any modern water filtration system available in the marketing instead of using tap water. Many water filtrations systems available in the market example Brita, hydros water bottle, soma filters.Etc.It has been shown that optimal hydration prevents this from happening and may even reduce the oxidative stress that occurs during high intensity exercise. This is not surprising when you think the muscle is about 80% water. Fiber filters: It is used to filter large impurities such as stones, bugs, moss, etc., and needs to be replaced every few months. The fiber filter is a series of filters based on the rotor-type fiber filter technology. Rotor-type fiber filter material has the advantages of high back washing of granular filter material, low back washing and low water consumption of initial filter water. It has the characteristics of strong adaptability to different media, good back washing effect and large utilization rate of filter bed.
Activated carbon: Adsorbs chemical solvents such as chlorine, pesticides, fertilizers, and industrial pollutants. The activated carbon adsorption filter cylinder adopts hydraulic simulation long-distance design and adopts high-efficiency activated carbon with reasonable particle size. The degree of water purification and the service life of carbon. Chlorine can suppress the growth of bacteria in water, but people who drink it may damage the intestinal bacteria and mucous membranes. It is recommended to filter or leave it for 24 hours and wait for its natural evaporation. If the tap water is directly boiled, it will even produce the carcinogen chloroform. Water bottle with filter: This modern water bottle with filter can filter drinking water instantly once we pour water on it. water purifier uses a filter structure, which can be matched according to different needs. Different filter elements have the advantages of cheaper price and higher filtration precision. The main functionality of this modern water bottle with filters are water purification, filtration of water particles and are BPA free. Ion exchange resin: By means of ion exchange, excess calcium and magnesium in water are exchanged to soften hard water, and even some heavy metals (mercury, arsenic, lead) can be slightly adsorbed. Make the water quality more delicious, faucet, water heater, etc. are less likely to have white scale, otherwise it will be easy to block. Removal of various de-ionization's dissolved in water is the primary purpose of using ion exchange resins, and it is easy to exclude inorganic ions in water from parts per billion. It is a water purification technology that utilizes the principle of ion exchange. Reducing the ion exchange resin requires the use of a lot of sodium, which can contaminate the earth.
Water is one of the necessary thing in everyone life, Because of its minerals. Because of its mineral resources water has much importance in everyone’s. During many scientific studies or photographs were made that a negative impact on food digestive system was immediately proven to be drinking fluids.
The negative effects of consuming fluid after eating Once the food enters the stomach, it goes to average half an hour, until it begins to digest. Nutrient and nutrient absorption occurs in small intestinal tract. This process is mainly due to gastric juice. If you drink or eat it, it will reduce gastric juice concentration. Due to the problem, the upper burden of all the organs involved in digestion (duodenum, stomach, etc..), which means that increases in half after half of this incremental period of food digesting process. You may feel fatigue, discomfort and gas formation because digestion is inactive. It is better to use water from filter water bottle, because this modern filter water bottle can easily remove contaminants in the water and are free from BPA(Bisphenol A). Most of the Doctors say the "Smecta" can be administered with gastrointestinal tract, which suggests that removal of disorders, gums and heartburn can be removed. Besides, there is another adverse point. The rate of food passage through the water, tea and any fluid gastrointestinal tract contributes to the fact that the gut is slipping in the gut, where the nutrients need to be digested. If you eat foods that are not in the intestines, it is necessary to act with refreshment. As a result, high toxic compounds are produced. These mixtures are harmful to all the internal organs because of narcotics and they penetrate the blood and, that is dangerous. Remember that if you have a long time to use tea or other liquid after eating it is likely that this can lead to many gastric gastrointestinal tract, including indigestion, gastric, low acidity, and many other diseases. The first thing that starts to drink fluids and stomach pain include those who are unreleased and try to take "Smecta" - you must do. How long will you eat? The time depends on what you ate, and how much food you will eat. Consider some examples:
As soon as you get up, it will help you get your body ready to get up and get ready for the beginning of a new day warm cloth or treat the quality of both the water quality. An hour before a meal, drink a glass of water, which will improve digestive activity; If you drink a glass of water before a bath, it will help reduce blood pressure, this fact is not only a positive effect on the council's body in mind but also high blood pressure, which is not even too much undesirable. If you drink a glass of water before going to bed, it will help reduce the risk of stroke or heart attack. Manufacture reverse osmosis membrane water works
penetration and osmotic pressure penetration phenomenon is common in nature, such as a cucumber into the salt water, cucumber will be smaller due to water loss. Cucumber water molecules into the brine solution is the process of infiltration. If a pool is partitioned into two parts by a membrane that only water molecules can penetrate, pure water and salt water are injected to the same height on both sides of the membrane. After a while, it can be found that the level of pure water is reduced, while the level of salt water is raised. The phenomenon that we migrate water molecules through this membrane into salt water is called infiltration. The elevation of the liquid level of the salt water is not endless, and it will reach a balance point when it reaches a certain height. At this time diaphragm pressure across the surface represented by the pressure is called the osmotic pressure. The size of the osmotic pressure is directly related to the concentration of the brine. Reverse osmosis and reverse osmosis water purification technology After the above devices have reached equilibrium, if a certain pressure is exerted on the brine surface, the water molecules will migrate from the brine end to the pure water end. The phenomenon in which solvent molecules migrate from dilute solution to concentrated solution under pressure is called reverse osmosis. If salt is added to one end of the above facility and pressure is applied at that end that exceeds the osmotic pressure of the brine, we can get pure water on the other end. This is the principle of reverse osmosis water purification. Reverse osmosis facilities, the key to the production of pure water are two, one is a selective membrane, we call semi-permeable membrane, the second is a certain amount of pressure. Simply put, there are many holes in the reverse osmosis semipermeable membrane. The size of these pores is comparable to the size of water molecules. Since bacteria, viruses, most organic pollutants and hydrated ions are much larger than water molecules, they cannot be penetrated. Reverse osmosis semipermeable membrane and the reverse osmosis membrane through the water phase separation. Among many kinds of impurities in water, soluble salts are the most difficult to remove, but can be remove by using water purification pitchers . Therefore, the effect of reverse osmosis water purification is often determined according to the level of salt removal. The level of reverse osmosis salt removal is mainly determined by the choice of reverse osmosis membranes. Sex. Currently, the more selective reverse osmosis membrane element desalination rate can be as high as 99.7%. Most probably Water, which comes from the public network distribution or from water suppliers, you must do some corrections to improve the quality of drinking water. This can be for your own consumption or to preserve your appliance or heating system. The most common is to use the filtration system to eliminate tartar and limestone. All suspended solids can be trapped by this principle provided that the correct filter is used. Rainwater filtration From a water recuperate or a pond, this rainwater can be pumped to feed a flush or a pressure washer. In both cases, the water must be cleared of any suspended solids that it contains. The water filtration system is perfect. Rainwater harvesting is becoming more prevalent as the price of water rises. If you collect the rainwater for sanitary use, the establishment of a water filtration system is imperative to preserve your installation and your equipment. What are the different types of water filters? There are a multitude of types of filters but let us dwell on the most widespread and most used depending on the purpose. Filter cartridge filters Conventional filtering without real active ingredient, in other words purely mechanical. Capable of trapping particles in suspension, filter cartridge filters are suitable for reducing water turbidity (cloudiness). The filtration capacity is adjustable according to the size of the material to be captured by choosing the filtration diameter of the cartridges. The cartridge filters are therefore suitable for many uses, whether to stop the sandwich could be in a rainwater collector, or at the head of the domestic network to filter the micro-particles sometimes contained in the mains water. Poly-phosphate filters Filtration integrating an active compound to limit or eliminate any presence of scale. Very useful to prevent scaling of the pipes and the sanitary installation. The poly-phosphates filters can either be installed in headed (after counter), either before the devices to be protected (the arrival of a water heater, for example). Poly-phosphates act chemically on the different scale compounds, preventing it from forming. Depending on the water consumption and the capacity of the filter, it is necessary to provide the active compound from 1 to 2 times a year. The poly-phosphate filters can be in the form of filter cartridge filters. Water bottle with filter Sounds interesting ?yes, because this is the most traditional way to filter the drinking water with the water bottle itself. This water bottles are having pre-installed water filtration system in it, it can directly filter the water in the water bottles itself, Means with the help of its inbuilt filter. In Modern Era Most of the people are int rested to buy water bottle filter, because of the compact size, less prize and easy to carry. Magnetic filters Like poly-phosphates, magnetic filters can be used to limit or even eliminate scale or limescale, but with the help of magnetic waves. The principle is essentially the same since the chemical bonds are not modified by a reaction with an additive but by the change of polarity of certain elements. Magnetic filters have the advantage of not using consumables (nor energy for models with permanent magnets). On the other hand, they are less efficient than polyphosphate filters. They are discreet and are easily installed in the kitchen. Activated carbon filters Advanced water filtration of the house. Designed to remove or reduce the presence in water of various chemicals, activated carbon is also able to reduce turbidity to some extent, as well as the rate of some heavy metals. If you find that the water in your faucet tastes like chlorine, an activated carbon filter is the solution to find a neutral-tasting water. At the head of the network, they are often associated with prefilters aimed at reducing the fouling of the coal, which limits their life. Plan a coal replacement at least once a year as a rule. |